Research & Clinical Citations
The Science Behind 100X Equine
A canonical reference of the peer-reviewed publications, research-backed ingredients, and veterinary credentialing behind every 100X Equine product. Built for transparency, designed for verification.
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Hydra-Max — Post-Exercise Hydration Study
The Hydra-Max formula was clinically evaluated in a cross-over study published in BMC Veterinary Research (Springer Nature) in 2026. The study demonstrated greater plasma volume expansion, preserved body mass during the hydration period, and increased voluntary water intake compared to water alone.
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-026-05493-w
Lead Veterinary Researcher
Dr. Russ Peterson
Education
- DVM, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine — University of California, Davis (1979)
- MS, Master of Science, Animal Nutrition — University of California, Davis
- BS, Biology — Claremont Men’s College, Claremont, California
Board Certifications
- DACVSMR — Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation
- Cert. ISELP — International Society of Equine Locomotor Pathology
Clinical Practice
- Co-Founder, Peninsula Equine — 1979–Present (sport horse and performance medicine clinic)
- 47+ years managing complex medical and surgical cases in equine sports medicine
- Advanced diagnostic imaging, locomotor evaluation, and orthobiologics
Industry Research Contributions
- Major involvement in the first clinical trial of GastroGard
- Ongoing scientific oversight of 100X Equine formulation and clinical trial strategy
- Co-author of the 2026 Hydra-Max peer-reviewed study (BMC Veterinary Research)
Professional Service
- Founder and Board Member, Association of Equine Sports Medicine (1984)
- Member, UC Davis External Advisory Board (1986)
- Member, California Veterinary Licensing Board Examination Committee
- Founding Member & Board of Directors, International Society of Equine Locomotor Pathology (ISELP)
Areas of Expertise
- Equine Sports Medicine, Surgery & Rehabilitation
- Locomotor Pathology & Performance Biomechanics
- Equine Nutrition & Supplementation Science
- Clinical Trial Design & Translational Research
- Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability & Formulation Science
Research Foundation by Product Family
Hydra-Max — Equine Hydration
Validated by the Peterson & Dietrich peer-reviewed study (BMC Veterinary Research, 2026) [11]. Cross-over study design with quantified outcomes for plasma volume expansion, water intake, and body mass preservation post-exercise.
Joint Flex Plus, Osteo-MAX, Joint X One — Joint & Bone Support
Built with research-backed ingredients supported by veterinary literature on equine osteoarthritis [6, 7], glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate bioavailability [8], soft tissue health [9], and liquid delivery pharmacokinetics [1, 2, 10].
Gut X — Equine Gastric & Hindgut Support
Built with research-backed ingredients supported by veterinary literature on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome [5] (the European College of Equine Internal Medicine consensus statement), the equine hindgut microbiome [3, 4], and liquid delivery pharmacokinetics [1, 2, 10].
Amino-Max, Max Calm — Recovery & Calming
Built with research-backed ingredients delivered in liquid form to maximize bioavailability [1, 2, 10]. Designed by Dr. Russ Peterson, DVM, MS, DACVSMR, drawing on 47+ years of equine sports medicine and translational research experience.
Liquid Delivery — Up to 98% Bioavailability
100X Equine’s liquid formulations bypass the dissolution barrier entirely, delivering pre-solubilized nutrients immediately available for absorption. The bioavailability case is supported by foundational pharmaceutical research on the Biopharmaceutic Classification System [1, 2] and in vitro–in vivo correlations for poorly water-soluble compounds [10].
Complete Reference List
- Amidon, G. L., Lennernäs, H., Shah, V. P., & Crison, J. R. (1995). A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: The correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability. Pharmaceutical Research, 12(3), 413–420.
- Shah, V. P., Amidon, G. L., Lennernäs, H., Yu, L. X., Crison, J. R., et al. (2006). Biopharmaceutics classification system: The scientific basis for biowaiver extensions. Pharmaceutical Research, 23(10), 2262–2271.
- Julliand, V., & Grimm, P. (2016). The impact of diet on the hindgut microbiome. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 39, S23–S28.
- Costa, M. C., Silva, G., Ramos, R. V., Staempfli, H. R., Arroyo, L. G., Kim, P., & Weese, J. S. (2015). Characterization and comparison of the bacterial microbiota in different gastrointestinal tract compartments in horses. The Veterinary Journal, 205(1), 74–80.
- Sykes, B. W., Hewetson, M., Hepburn, R. J., Luthersson, N., & Tamzali, Y. (2015). European College of Equine Internal Medicine Consensus Statement—Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in adult horses. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 29(5), 1288–1299.
- Goodrich, L. R., & Nixon, A. J. (2006). Medical treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, 22(3), 623–671.
- McIlwraith, C. W., Frisbie, D. D., Kawcak, C. E., Fuller, C. J., Hurtig, M., Cruz, A., et al. (2012). The horse as a model of naturally occurring osteoarthritis. Bone & Joint Research, 1(11), 297–309.
- Du, J., White, N., & Eddington, N. D. (2004). The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate after oral and intravenous administration in the horse. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition, 25(3), 109–116.
- Dowling, B. A., Dart, A. J., Hodgson, D. R., & Smith, R. K. W. (2000). Superficial digital flexor tendonitis in the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal, 32(5), 369–378.
- Dressman, J. B., & Reppas, C. (2000). In vitro–in vivo correlations for lipophilic, poorly water-soluble drugs. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(Suppl 2), S73–S80.
- Peterson, R., & Dietrich, J. (2026). Post-exercise hydration responses to an electrolyte, glycerol, and creatine supplement in horses: A preliminary study. BMC Veterinary Research. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05493-w